The nurse is working with a child who is in for diagnostic tests. The lab results for the child's antinuclear antibodies (ANA) come back positive. These results support which conclusion?
a. It is unlikely that this is a case of systemic lupus erythematosus.
b. The child has negative antibodies to DNA.
c. The child likely has systemic lupus erythematosus.
d. The child's kidneys are involved in one of the autoimmune disorders.
C
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A Incorrect. If the child's ANA were negative, it is unlikely that this is a case of SLE.
B Incorrect. Positive antibodies to DNA is one of the 12 diagnostic criteria for SLE. Since this child has negative antibodies to DNA, it means he or she does not have one of the 12 criteria. No conclusion can be drawn about the presence of absence of SLE,
C Correct. Positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are one diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Therefore, the child may have SLE. Diagnosis is made by history, physical exam, laboratory testing, and the presence of four of the twelve diagnostic criteria.
D Incorrect. Positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) do not support the conclusion that the child's kidneys are involved in one of the autoimmune disorders.
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Which best describes a prospective study?
A) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred B) Analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred C) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred D) Analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred