List four different types of variables that exist in research. Discuss three differences between two of the variables you have listed.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Variables could include independent, dependent, control, mediators, moderators, confounding, and disturbance/extraneous variables. Predicts the variation of the dependent variable, it is the outcome variable, the variable of interest for the study, this is what we want our study to answer, and may be used to control and provide understanding about the relationships that exist between variables. Intervening variables may negatively influence the dependent variable and provide inaccurate information. Extraneous variables disturb the findings and are often unknown to the researcher. Moderators and mediators strengthen and weaken relationships, respectively. Answers will vary based on which variables are chosen.
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(a) Keisha helped him with his math homework (b) Keisha had a proud style (c) James and Keisha had a lot in common (d) James's friend told him that Keisha liked him
Jose has been in the hospital for several weeks due to heart problems. Everyday a nurse helps Jose sit up in bed and move around some to prevent fluid build-up and blood clotting. This could be seen as a
A. primary prevention. B. secondary prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. quaternary prevention.
Spurious relationships are relevant for which criterion for establishing nomothetic causality?
a. correlation b. time order c. the effect cannot be explained in terms of some third variable d. exceptional cases e. hypothesis
It is important that verbal and nonverbal communication match because:
a. the message is distorted which allows one partner to distract the other b. the message is consistent and the partner can understand what is being communicated c. it reveals that the personalities of the partners are in sync d. it is not important that verbal and nonverbal content match