Which of the following states that Obama carried in 2008 was carried by Romney in 2012?
a. Ohio
b. New York
c. California
d. North Carolina
Answer: d
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a model?
A) Models are simplified representations of a phenomenon and have point-to-point correspondence with some of the characteristics of that phenomenon. B) Models provide a convenient, manageable and compact representation of the larger complex, and mostly unknown reality. C) Models are complete linear representations that can be used to statistically analyze data. D) Manipulating models help us organize information, to illustrate relationships among parts, and to create new ideas and predict new observations.
Zoe blatantly cheated on her test. However, everyone else in the class was cheating as well and the teacher did not seem to care. Zoe cheated to bring the problem to the teacher's attention. Which of the following would a Utilitarian believe about this situation?
a. Zoe should be evaluated based on his reason for cheating and should possibly avoid punishment. b. Zoe should be expelled to set an example to other students. c. Zoe should not be punished because she has the right to act in her own self-interest. d. None of the above is correct.
Which of the following statements is true of lobbying?
A. Lobbyists cannot offer gifts to public officials. B. The disclosure rules governing lobbying are not considered strict. C. Lobbyists are not required to register. D. Generally, lobbying the legislature receives the least publicity.
What payoff would Sony get if it chose to switch to HD DVD and Toshiba chose to produce HD DVD?
In 2006, there were a number of media reports about the next generation of DVD players, which produce much clearer picture and sound than that produced by current machines. However, there are two competing formats, Blu-ray (Sony) and HD DVD (Toshiba). Both are affiliated with certain movie studios, which have agreed to release their movies in one or the other of the new formats. This creates a problem for the producers of this new technology—they all want their own version to win out, but by competing they make it entirely likely that most consumers will sit back and wait until (a) one of the formats is a clear winner or (b) a newer, even better, method of supplying movies is developed by someone else. If the latter happens, both Sony and Toshiba lose out.
Imagine that both companies have developed a new product, but with different formats. If one of the companies would be willing to switch quickly (assume that copyright laws would allow it to produce something similar), that company would lose some time and market share but be able to get into the market. Consumers would be more willing to buy the new technology, and both companies would make more money. If neither company is willing to coordinate with the other, they end up in a war of attrition, with fewer customers. This is shown in the game below.
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.