Identify the two circumstances judges are not supposed to impose probation.
What will be an ideal response?
Most state statutes allow the judge to impose probation unless he or she believes that (1) the offender is likely to commit additional crimes if released, (2) the offender is in need of treatment that can be provided more effectively in jail or prison, or (3) probation would be inappropriate given the seriousness of the offender's crime.
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Describe what is meant when Vold (1958) argues that individuals are “group-involved beings.” Who both influences and is influenced by the groups of which they are a part?
What will be an ideal response?
In the 1970s, what had a large impact on the development of crime mapping:
a. Significant improvements in data and technology b. Significant grant funding c. The shift of focus from the criminal to the criminal event d. Problem-oriented policing
Criminal justice organizations are replete with failure:
A. Police initiatives that engender ambiguous results B. Sentencing reforms that do not alleviate injustices C. Courts that operate under conditions of scarce resources D. Correctional organizations that do not rehabilitate offenders E. All of the above
Compare and contrast the belief that drug use is rational. In doing so, create a fictional rational criminal who uses drugs daily. Explain how and why the individual uses drugs and how this pertains to rational choice theory.
What will be an ideal response?