The patient is in third-degree heart block (complete heart block) and is symptomatic. The treatment for this patient is which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. transcutaneous pacemaker.
b. atropine IV.
c. temporary transvenous pacemaker.
d. permanent pacemaker.
e. amiodarone IV.
A, C, D
Treatments include transcutaneous or transvenous pacing and implanting a permanent pacemaker. Atropine reduces vagal tone, but that is not a cause of complete heart block and will produce more P waves, but the P waves will still not be associated with the QRS complexes. It is important to note that the only treatment is pacing. Amiodarone IV is used to suppress ventricular dysrhythmia and is not used to treat third-degree heart block.
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