Under Vladimir Putin's presidency, all of the following occurred EXCEPT
A) power was centralized in the federal government.
B) Russia ended its war in Chechnya.
C) as many as 40 percent of the population lived in poverty.
D) the economy grew significantly and the government had a budget surplus.
E) the economy significantly depended upon exports of oil and natural gas.
B
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The papal bull Unam Sanctam declared that __________.
A. only strong monarchies could fulfill the Christian gospel B. the Holy Roman emperor could establish national churches in his realm C. a new crusade was necessary in order to unify European spiritually D. temporal authority was subject to the spiritual power of the church
The Tokugawa regime in Japan reduced contacts with the Western world and maintained formal diplomatic relations only with
A. the Dutch Republic. B. Korea. C. Vietnam. D. China. E. Cambodia.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Congress of Vienna?
a. a balance of powers that lasted until the 1870s b. the avoidance of a major European war for about a hundred years c. growing pressure to satisfy the national aspirations of a number of European people denied statehood d. the disarming and isolation of France e. subordination of the interests of smaller states for the sake of peace among the Great Powers
How was Charles Grandison Finney's theology of perfectionism different from pre-existing Calvinist beliefs?
A) Perfectionism stressed that people could achieve their own salvation through free will. B) Under the theology of perfectionism, most people were condemned to damnation from birth. C) Perfectionism could only be achieved if one was poor and humble. D) Perfectionist doctrine stated that only God determined individuals' destinies.