Discuss the role of reinforcement in prelinguistic vocalization.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. B. F. Skinner (1957) stated that prelinguistic vocalizations such as cooing and babbling may be inborn. But parents reinforce children for babbling that approximates the form of real words, such as da, which, in English, resembles dog or daddy. Children, in fact, do increase their babbling when it results in adults smiling at them, stroking them, and talking back to them. As the first year progresses, children babble the sounds of their native tongues with increasing frequency; foreign sounds tend to drop out.
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Psychology was founded by ____
a. ?Helmholtz b. ?Weber c. Fechner d. ?Wundt e. ?James
The outermost layer of skin:
A. has no sensory receptors B. contains free nerve endings C. is composed entirely of hair receptors D. is called the outerderm
In a famous case, a Russian man with a fantastic memory would remember the order of lists of numbers by mentally placing the numbers in familiar spots on Gorky Street in his hometown and then mentally walking down the street when he had to retrieve them. The Russian man's way of remembering is closest to the:
A. method of loci B. peg method C. chunking technique D. selective attention method
_____ is the process by which memories become stable in the brain.
A) Rehearsal B) Consolidation C) Indexing D) Storage