Which of the following represent a breach in confidentiality? (Select all that apply.)
a. The teenaged son of a researcher reads some of the raw interview data on the researcher's computer.
b. The researcher accidentally includes the real names of one participant's husband and two daughters in the finished article, instead of changing these to pseudonyms.
c. A researcher presents her findings at a research conference.
d. A tape of a research interview is misplaced in the researcher's home and is never found.
e. The researcher mentions to a colleague that all of the participants in a recent research project on anger were divorced women.
ANS: A, B, D
A breach of confidentiality can occur when a researcher, by accident or direct action, allows an unauthorized person to gain access to the study raw data. Confidentiality can also be breached in the reporting or publication of a study when a subject's identity is accidentally revealed, violating the subject's right to anonymity. Breaches of confidentiality can harm subjects psychologically and socially, as well as destroy the trust they had in the researchers. Breaches of confidentiality can be especially harmful to a research participant if they involve (1) religious preferences; (2) sexual practices; (3) employment; (4) racial prejudices; (5) drug use; (6) child abuse; and (7) personal attributes, such as intelligence, honesty, and courage.
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