Some theorists derive traits from behavior and then use those derived traits derived to explain the very same behavior that the supposed traits were derived from. This approach leads to a problem called a ________________ (the behavior explains the behavior).
a. recapitulation
b. redundancy explanations
c. circular argument
d. neologism
Answer: c. circular argument
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Cal wants to better understand the attitudes towards children who murder other children. He collects media coverage of recent incidents and uses a computer program to scan through and identify the occurrence of certain words and phrases. Cal is using ____
a. exclusion b. indexing c. exception identification d. significant change reporting
Regarding REM sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Major muscles appear paralyzed during REM sleep. b. Males and females display sexual arousal during REM sleep. c. You usually dream as soon as you enter Stage 1 sleep. d. Some eye movements during REM sleep correspond to the activities occurring in the dreams.
Which of the following is NOT considered a major risk factor for suicide?
a. unexpectedly changing friends b. availability of a firearm c. shame, humiliation, failure, or rejection d. drug or alcohol use
Concordance rates for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among identical twins suggest that a. environmental factors do not play a role in the development of the disorder
b. genetic factors do not play a role in the development of the disorder. c. genetic factors play a minor role in the development of the disorder and interact with strong environmental factors. d. genetics play a strong role in the development of the disorder, but interact with environmental factors.