You are caring for an oncology patient at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). What would be the appropriate care for this patient? (Mark all that apply.)
A) Assist patient to turn, cough, and deep breathe
B) Accurate I & O
C) Prevent bleeding
D) Assess hearing disturbances
E) Maximize physical activity
Ans: A, B, C
Feedback: Nursing care of the patient in DIC: Monitor vital signs. Measure and document intake and output. Assess skin color and temperature; lung, heart, and bowel sounds; level of consciousness; headache; visual disturbances; chest pain; decreased urine output; and abdominal tenderness. Inspect all body orifices, tube-insertion sites, incisions, and bodily excretions for bleeding. Review laboratory test results. Minimize physical activity to decrease injury risks and oxygen requirements. Prevent bleeding; apply pressure to all venipuncture sites, and avoid nonessential invasive procedures; provide electric rather than straight-edged razors; avoid tape on the skin and advise gentle but adequate oral hygiene. Assist the patient to turn, cough, and take deep breaths on a regular schedule. Reorient the patient, if needed; maintain a safe environment; and provide appropriate patient education and supportive measures. Option D is incorrect; hearing disturbances would be important to assess for.
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