How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve a patient's pain?
a. By promoting release of anti-inflammatory chemicals and altering the sensitivity of nerve tracts.
b. By binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and altering the per-ception of pain.
c. By reducing the amount of bradykinin at the site of injury and altering the stimu-lation of nociceptors.
d. By inhibiting the generation of impulses along sensory nerve tracts and altering pain transmission.
C
When pain mediators are released from damaged tissue, especially substance P and bradykinin (which is also an inflammatory mediator), they bind to the nociceptors and activate them. NSA-IDs reduce pain by suppressing some part of the inflammatory pathway and reducing the amounts of pain-mediating chemicals, especially bradykinin, present. With less bradykinin present, less stimulation of the nociceptors occurs. As a result, pain is reduced.
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A) A continuous dull ache in the right upper quadrant, epigastrium, or back B) Weight gain C) An increase in appetite D) Jaundice
The nurse planning care of a client with multiple myeloma includes the intervention of
a. administering frequent mouth care. b. encouraging ingestion of dairy products. c. forcing fluids. d. maintaining reverse isolation.
A hospitalized patient with a C7 cord injury yells, "I can't feel my legs anymore." Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse?
1. remind the patient of her injury and try to comfort her 2. call the healthcare provider and get an order for radiologic evaluation 3. prepare the patient for surgery, as her condition is worsening 4. explain to the patient that this could be a common, temporary problem
According to Orlando, professional nurses function in an independent role from physicians and other health care providers
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.