The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the family of a child who experienced an anaphylactic reaction. Which parental statements indicate accurate understanding of the action that histamine plays during this type of reaction? Select all that apply
1. "Histamine releases IgE antibodies, which help to stop the reaction."
2. "Histamine causes smooth muscle contraction, which causes the wheezing."
3. "Histamine causes increased capillary permeability, which is what causes difficulty breathing."
4. "Histamine causes vasoconstriction leading to respiratory issues."
5. "Histamine causes the destruction of red blood cells, which is why we administer the EpiPen."
2, 3
Explanation:
1. IgE antibodies cause the release of histamine, not the other way around.
2. Smooth muscle contraction causes the constriction of the bronchioles, which causes the wheezing and respiratory distress.
3. Increased capillary permeability causes the plasma to leak into surrounding tissues, including the lungs, leading to pulmonary edema.
4. Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation, not vasoconstriction.
5. Histamine does not cause red cell destruction.
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