What underlying infection should a physician immediately suspect when confronted with a patient with confirmed cryptococcal meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, and why?
A. Influenza infection. The 2 viruses are often transmitted together in respiratory droplets.
B. HIV infection. People with normal immune systems generally fend off this fungal infection before it becomes clinically symptomatic.
C. Varicella zoster virus (chicken pox). During the incubation period for chicken pox, and during its latency, C. neoformans has an increased ability to colonize the respiratory tract.
D. Syphilis. This sexually-transmitted illness depletes CD4+ helper T cells that are necessary to directly attack the fungal infection of C. neoformans.
B.
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The organ system that protects the body against infection and disease and aids in returning tissue fluids to the blood stream
A) Muscular
G) Respiratory
B) Reproductive
H) Skeletal
C) Digestive
I) Nervous
D) Cardiovascular
J) Endocrine
E) Integumentary
K) Lymphatic
F) Urinary
In the Calvin cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate is
A) phosphoglycerokinase. B) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). C) triose phosphate isomerase. D) phosphoribulokinase. E) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Because they differ from other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, bacteria and archaea are more closely related to one another than they are to eukaryotes. 2. Archaea that tolerate and/or require high salinities are called halophiles. 3. Various anaerobic archaea that convert carbon dioxide and other carbon-bearing compounds into methane are called methanotrophs. 4. Type IV secretion systems are potentially applicable to treatment of human disease by using them to deliver DNA to target cells in human gene therapy.
Mature red blood cells do not have a well-defined nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. What is the advantage of this characteristic?
What will be an ideal response?