Which of the below are causes of malnutrition? (Select all that apply.)
a. lack of access to food d. being hospitalized
b. knowledge deficit in food preparation e. GI condition
c. alcoholism f. chronic consumption of imbalanced diet
A, B, C, D, E, F
Malnutrition causes are physical or medical problems, or socioeconomic, psychological, and cultural factors. Decreased or absent oral intake increases the threat of malnutrition. Causes of malnutrition from lack of intake are alcoholism; lack of access to food; knowledge deficit in food preparation; poor health status; increased body caloric demand due to infection, burns, or extensive wound; increased basal metabolic rate (BMR) due to high fever; or loss of nutrients from the body due to a GI malabsorption. When a person has a decreased caloric intake, stored protein is used to meet the body's energy demands depleting the body of protein. Physical illnesses increase one's nutritional needs; however, an ongoing illness may decrease nutritional intake. Malnutrition is seen at higher rates in hospitalized clients and the illness state can worsen due to poor nutritional intake. Clients with GI conditions are more prone to malnutrition since they experience GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain that contribute to decreased oral intake. Chronic consumption of an imbalanced diet also contributes to malnutrition.
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The nurse manager is leading the monthly staff meeting for the professional nursing staff. Which statement, if made by this leader, is reflective of effective leadership? Select all that apply
1. ?I will assume responsibility for developing the mission and goals of the group.? 2. ?I have created an agenda that identifies the amount of time allotted for each step of the problem-solving process.? 3. ?I realize there will be dissension; however, I prefer that we not take time from our agenda to address it.? 4. ?The meeting will be called to order at noon and be adjourned in one hour.? 5. ?It is important that each of you is fully engaged in the decision-making process.?
A nurse is presenting at an interdisciplinary meeting about the multiple external forces that are influencing nursing today. Which examples should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Health care reform b. Threat of bioterrorism c. Population demographics d. Role of nurse manager e. Nursing shortage
A client with a head injury from an automobile accident is in the ICU with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The priority nursing intervention for the client with increasing ICP is which of the following?
1. Controlling pain 2. Monitoring for nausea and vomiting 3. Ensuring adequate oxygenation 4. Maintaining a calm environment
In a team meeting, it is noted that a client uses defense mechanisms to avoid dealing with certain topics. The nurse can BEST use this knowledge to:
a. guide the nurse-client interactions b. analyze the client's psyche c. assist the client in changing behavior d. explain the client's problems