Your patient complains of a feeling of heaviness in the lower legs daily. You note varicosities, edema, and dusky color of both ankles and feet. Which of the following is the most likely cause for these symptoms?
A. Femoral vein thrombosis
B. Femoral artery thrombus
C. Venous insufficiency
D. Musculoskeletal injury
ANS: C
Chronic venous insufficiency can be a long-term complication of venous thrombosis, owing to the destruction of valves in the deep veins. The calf muscle pump that returns blood from the lower legs is damaged, increasing ambulatory pressure in the calf veins. A constellation of symptoms is set up: aching or pain in the lower legs, edema, thinning and hyperpigmentation of the skin, superficial varicosities, venous stasis, and ulceration. Ankle edema is often the earliest sign.
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