Jane drinks alcohol because it reduces her anxiety. Jane's drinking is being maintained by:
A) positive reinforcement.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) positive punishment.
D) negative punishment.
B) negative reinforcement.
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A common myth about behavioral approaches assumes that people are ____
a. empty organisms b. active participants in the developmental process c. overwhelmed by their free will d. greatly affected by their internal mental life
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are hallmarks of
A. stage 1 N-REM. B. stage 2 N-REM. C. stage 3 N-REM. D. stage 4 N-REM.
What has research found regarding culture and pride in preschoolers?
a) Research has found that Japanese preschoolers express less pride after successfully completing a task, compared to African American and European American preschoolers. b) Research has found that European American preschoolers express less pride after successfully completing a task, compared to African American and Japanese preschoolers. c) Research has found that African American preschoolers express less pride after successfully completing a task, compared to Japanese and European American preschoolers. d) Research has found that Canadian preschoolers express less pride after successfully completing a task, compared to African American and Japanese preschoolers.
Cognitive dissonance is defined as a state of tension that occurs:
a. whenever a person is motivated to change his or her attitudes. b. when a person thinks and acts irrationally. c. when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent. d. when a person is unaware of his or her conflicting cognitions.