A patient with an active gastrointestinal bleed has the following vital signs: BP 80/50 mm Hg, HR 102 bpm, RR 24, and oxygen saturation of 80%. The physician is writing orders for a blood transfusion to be provided at this time
What component of blood will the nurse anticipate the physician to order? 1. Whole blood
2. Packed red blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Fresh frozen plasma
2
Rationale 1: Whole blood may be ordered in an emergent situation while awaiting cross-matched blood.
Rationale 2: Patients who are hemodynamically unstable and have had considerable blood loss will require blood transfusions of packed red blood cells. Packed RBCs are preferred as this replaces the lost red blood cells, which will help improve oxygenation. The plasma will help expand volume.
Rationale 3: Platelets are not indicated at this time with this situation.
Rationale 4: Fresh frozen plasma is not indicated at this time with this situation.
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In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, the period from 2 to 7 years of age is called the:
a. sensorimotor stage. b. preoperational stage. c. concrete operational stage. d. formal operational stage.