What is the required level of proof in a criminal case?
A. beyond all doubt
B. beyond a reasonable doubt
C. preponderance of the evidence
D. probable cause
Answer: B
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Marx and Engels's statement that crime was simply the product of unjust and alienating social conditions came to be known as the ______ hypothesis.
a. primitive rebellion b. proletariat rebellion c. primitive revolution d. proletariat revolution
If the punishment for a specific crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime should decline.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The plain-view doctrine states that officers on a sidewalk who see marijuana plants through the window of a home may enter that home and confiscate the evidence without a warrant
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The text suggests:
a. Research in psychology is driven by sociological methodology. b. Criminology illuminates the privileges of those at the top of the social hierarchy. c. Income does not play a role in understanding criminal behavior. d. Most white-collar crime is committed by minorities.