What are the four threats to internal validity that are associated with participants?
What will be an ideal response?
(a) Selection–people in the groups to be compared differ from one another at the outset of the study.
(b) Maturation–people change over the course of a study either physically or psychologically
(c) Attrition (Mortality)–different types of people may leave a study before it is completed
(d) History–events not specifically associated with the treatment may affect the outcome for one group.
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Individuals will contribute their time and money to an interest group if
A) they are paid to do so. B) they can write off the contribution on their taxes. C) the expected benefit they receive outweighs the costs. D) they can afford the membership dues. E) None of the above
A progressive tax
A. takes a higher percentage from higher incomes B. takes a higher percentage from lower incomes C. takes a lower percentage from higher incomes D. takes the same percentage from all incomes
The constitutional basis for the case outlawing segregated public schools was the
a. First Amendment freedom of speech clause. b. equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. c. right to vote provision of the Fifteenth Amendment. d. necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8. e. the Civil Rights Act
Is having access to alternative sources of information considered a key criterion of democracy?
a. No, because most Americans are not interested in keeping up with current events b. Yes, because citizens in a democracy have a right to access information sources that are not controlled by the government c. Yes, because government control over media is common in the world's democracies d. No, because government-controlled media would provide more and better information about all political processes e. No, because alternative sources are too biased to be of any use