Threats to internal validity are threats to saying __________
a. the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable.
b. the dependent variable caused the change in the independent variable.
c. the results can be generalized to other populations.
d. the results are due to chance.
A
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Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? a. Incumbents have a substantial advantage in reelection. b. Incumbents have a small advantage in reelection
c. Incumbents have no advantage in reelection. d. Incumbents only leave office when pressured by party leadership.
Increasing temperatures and flooding from variable precipitation can lead to the contamination of water and an explosion of parasite and insect populations. Of the following, this scenario will likely affect _____ the most.
A. flora and fauna B. food production C. water accessibility D. global health
The Republican Party's primary constituency group for the first 30 years after Reconstruction was __________.
A. business conservatives B. banking and commercial interests C. progressives D. African Americans
Which of the following was a position of the anti Federalists?
a. Supported the ratification of the U.S. Constitution b. Advocated states’ rights c. Opposed adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution d. Supported a strong executive branch at the federal level