According to Seligman's cognitive model the cause of depression is the result of:
A. Anger and aggression turned inward.
B. Learned helplessness and attributions about uncontrollable outcomes.
C. The depletion of norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain.
D. Failure to receive positive reinforcement from social interactions with others.
E. Moves from realistic appraisals of self, the environment, and the future to negative, hopeless, or devalued ones.
B
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Which is an example of a subtle act of bias?
a. Physical assault b. Verbal abuse c. Telling rumors d. Harassment
Explain the concept of explicit instruction and the components of such instruction.
What will be an ideal response?
Historical research has the following advantage over other forms of research
a. It is generally unobtrusive. b. It allows for the most rigorous control over the dependent variable. c. It allows for the most rigorous control over the independent variable. d. It is least likely to be subjective.
If an unhypothesized relationship is found while conducting quantitative research, it should
a. not be reported. b. be reported as a side note to the findings of the original hypothesis. c. be substituted for the original hypothesis if it is statistically significant enough. d. None of these are true.