Which of the following infant responses to cool environmental conditions is either not effective or not available to newborns?
1. Constricting peripheral blood vessels
2. Metabolizing brown fat
3. Increasing respiratory rates
4. Unflexing from their normal position
4
1. Incorrect. Newborns are able to constrict their peripheral blood vessels to reduce heat loss.
2. Incorrect. Burning brown fat generates heat.
3. Incorrect. Newborns may increase respiratory rates to stimulate muscular activity to gen-erate heat.
4. Correct. Their flexed position guards against heat loss because it diminishes the amount of body surface exposed to the environment.
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