Many theories of development do not address culture. Why does Bronfenbrenner's theory hold that culture is so important? He recognizes that ______
a. cultural beliefs are the basis for many other conditions of children's development
b. nearly everyone lives in a very similar culture
c. culture should be factored out to determine what really influences development
d. culture is damaging and can be devastating to a young child's development
Answer: A
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When a 17-year-old boy was sentenced to death in 2004 in the United States, the American Psychological Association (APA) filed a brief with the court opposing this punishment. The sentence was revised and changed to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Why did the APA petition the court to prevent the adolescent from being executed?
a. They argued that because the boy had been physically and sexually abused as a child he should be found not guilty by reason of mental defect or deficit. b. They argued that immature brain development made him more impulsive, risk-prone, and unable to maturely consider the consequences of his actions. c. They argued that because the young man was high on a combination of drugs when he committed the crime that he was not legally responsible for his actions. d. They argued that because there is no other country in the world that executes citizens under the age of 18, the United States should not do so either.
According to cognitive therapists, which of the following is NOT true of depression-prone people?
a. The draw negative conclusions about their worth based on insignificant events. b. They blame their setbacks on personal inadequacies rather than the situation. c. They make unduly pessimistic projections about the future. d. They ignore negative events instead of learning from them.
One intriguing study found that students talking with a confederate tended to like the confederate more if the confederate mimicked the movements of the student. The researchers concluded that
A) the students in the experiment were low in self-awareness. B) people almost always prefer flattering information over accurate information in social interactions. C) the impact of similarity on liking works at a nonverbal and even nonconscious level. D) the mimicking of our behavior by others tends to increase our self-esteem.
Agents such as chemicals or diseases, which may cause malformation of developing embryos, are called
a. teratogens. b. neurosubdils. c. myelinogens. d. degenerations.