Which of the following substances have NOT been identified as a PAMP?
A. lipids on the cell walls of bacteria
B. double-stranded RNA
C. carbohydrates on the cell walls of bacteria
D. proteins on the cell wall of bacteria
E. double-stranded DNA
Answer: E
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What role does Na+/K+-ATPase play in salt excretion by the shark rectal gland?
A) Na+/K+-ATPase pumps sodium out and potassium into cells across the apical membrane. B) Na+/K+-ATPase pumps sodium in and potassium out of cells across the apical membrane. C) Na+/K+-ATPase pumps sodium out and potassium into cells across the basolateral membrane. D) Na+/K+-ATPase pumps sodium into and potassium out of cells across the basolateral membrane.
Which of the following are molecular mediators of inflammation?
A) chemokines B) cytokines C) erythrocytes D) both chemokines and cytokines
Beta-Diversity measures diversity across communities
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Human germ cell line (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes) allows for _____ combinations of
maternal and paternal chromosomes every tume a gamete is produced. a. 223 b. 232 c. 8 d. 8, 000 e. 23