An older adult who recently learned that his last surviving sibling has died refuses to take medication and is fearful of allowing anyone other than a specific staff member to assist with bathing and dressing. The patient is exhibiting signs of:
a. paranoia.
b. confusion.
c. depression.
d. disorientation.
A
Paranoia, a classic organized and complicated delusional system that is rare in older adults, can be caused by sensory deprivation or loss, medications, social isolation, delirium, depression, and dementia. The older adult with a paranoid personality will exhibit withdrawal, aloofness, fearfulness, oversensitivity, or secretiveness.
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