In the extracellular matrix of animal cells, collagen and elastin fibers are embedded with this matrix.
A) glycoaminoglycans
B) proteoglycans
C) pectins
D) lignins
E) both choices A and B
E) both choices A and B
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As an energy carrier, ATP differs from NADPH in that
a. ATP transfers energy through phosphorylation, whereas NADPH donates electrons and hydrogen ions. b. ATP transfers energy through redox reactions, whereas NADPH uses phosphorylation. c. NADPH is involved in a larger variety of chemical reactions than ATP. d. NADPH is made by Photosystem I, whereas ATP is made by Photosystem II.
The uneven distribution of an impermeable solute on either side of a membrane will result in
A. root pressure. B. proton pumping. C. stomatal closing. D. an increase in oxygen deprivation. E. osmosis.
Why does consumption of alcohol stimulate urination?
A. It inhibits ADH secretion. B. It stimulates vasopressin. C. It stimulates oxytocin. D. It inhibits aldosterone. E. It stimulates ADH secretion.
Blood sugar is regulated by two pancreatic hormones—insulin and glucagon. When blood sugar rises, insulin is released; it binds to receptors and, through signal transduction, results in an increase in glucose uptake by cells
Blood sugar is regulated by two pancreatic hormonesâ€"insulin and glucagon. When blood sugar rises, insulin is released; it binds to receptors and, through signal transduction, results in an increase in glucose uptake by cells, which effectively lowers blood glucose levels. When blood sugar decreases, glucagon is released, binds to cell receptors, and causes glucose to be released into circulation, thereby increasing blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that results from excessively high levels of blood glucose. Type II diabetics have normal to elevated levels of insulin. What, then, might be causing their elevated blood glucose levels? A) inadequate insulin production B) defective receptors C) defective second messenger D) overproduction of glucagon