Equivalence reliability in content analysis with multiple content coders that require a high degree of consistency across coders is called _____________
a. latent coding
b. manifest coding
c. intercoder reliability
d. standard coding
e. vocabulary coding
C
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The "area" warrant authorized by the administrative search case of Camara v. Municipal Court (1967) is, in effect, a/an _______________________ warrant
Fill in the blank with correct word.
Fundamental and Extreme Christians chose to describe themselves in words that appeal to nationalistic beliefs and soften their public images so as to attract new members. Which of the following is NOT an example?
a. White Extreme Christian b. Constitutionalist c. Free Man d. Christian Patriot
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Matching is a more preferable strategy than randomization. 2 Attrition can cause experimental and control groups to differ over time. 3. In a factorial survey design, all of the respondents complete some version of the survey. 4. Process analysis is one way to minimize treatment misidentification. 5. In the Solomon four-group design, some groups do not receive a pretest. 6. A true experiment requires a pretest and a posttest. 7. Sherman and Beck’s study of the effect of arrest on domestic violence is an example of a field experiment. 8. Random assignment eliminates systematic bias. 9. A quasi-experiment fares better in achieving generalizability than a true experiment. 10. Treatment misidentification is when either the experimental group or the comparison group is aware of the other group, and as a result, influences the posttest. 11. True experiments can have multiple control groups. 12. Random assignment guarantees that the groups are perfectly identical at the beginning of the experiment. 13. It is difficult, if not impossible, to establish a spurious relationship between an independent and dependent variable in a nonexperimental research design. 14. Quasi-experiments have more internal validity than true experiments. 15. True experiments have greater measurement validity than quasi-experiments.
The misuse of discretion by police officers can result in abuse of citizens or ineffective management of a police department. What are the five major problems that the text presents?
What will be an ideal response?