The author would agree that the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act
The Facts: Nutrition Quackery
1) Whether athletic or sedentary, the individual on a well-balanced diet does not benefit from special foods, phosphate, alkaline salts, choline, lecithin, wheat germ, honey, gelatin, aspartates, brewer’s yeast, or royal jelly unless prescribed for medical purposes by a physician. Because these products do not produce the special benefits claimed for them, their use and/or sale can be considered nutritional quackery.
2) The Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act was passed in 1994. It was considered by many experts to be a compromise between health-food manufacturers who wanted no regulation of dietary supplements (such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, and herbs) and those who wanted strict control of these substances. Many nutrition experts now feel that the Act is responsible for an explosion in sales of products that have not been proven to be effective.
3) The passage of the 1994 Act shifted the burden of providing assurances of product effectiveness from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to the food supplement industry, which really means it shifted to you – the consumer. Food supplements are typically not considered to be drugs, so they are not regulated. Unlike drugs and medicines, food supplements need not be proven effective or even safe to be sold in stores. To be removed from stores, they must be proven ineffective or unsafe. This leaves consumers vulnerable to false claims. Many experts suggest that quackery has increased significantly since the Act was passed.
4) The Act had at least one positive effect. Food supplement labeling must now be truthful and nonmisleading. Claims concerning disease prevention, treatment, or diagnosis must be substantiated in order to appear on the product. Unfortunately, the act did not limit false claims if they are not on the product label. The result has been the removal of claims from labels in favor of claims on separate literature often called “third-party” literature. The seller provides claims in literature by other people (third party). The literature is distributed separately from the product, thus allowing sellers to make unsubstantiated claims for products. Also the law does not prohibit unproven verbal claims by sales people. It is now up to the consumer to make decisions about the safety and effectiveness of food supplements so it is especially important to be well-informed.
5) Experts indicate that the recent increase in food supplement sales ($8 billion a year in 1994 and $12 billion in 1997 and $16 billion currently) has resulted in more than a few cases of serious illnesses including lead poisoning, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal heart rhythms, impotence, and lethargy. As a result, the increased sales of such products as St. John’s Wart, Ginseng, Ginkgo, and Saw Palmetto has received considerable media attention. A series of reports in a recent medical journal address the topic of food supplements that are unregulated suggesting that “alternative treatments should be subjected to scientific testing no less rigorous than that required for advocating unproven and potentially harmful treatments.” One of the reports indicates that nearly one-third of the samples of one herbal product tested in California contained dangerous chemicals and drugs not listed on the label. These reports show the importance of asking questions before buying or taking any supplements.
a. has been completely effective.
b. has been completely ineffective.
c. has had both positive and negative effects on the sales of food supplements
d. has been responsible for a decrease in the sales of food supplements.
c. has had both positive and negative effects on the sales of food supplements
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Escucha la explicación de la cultura del Caribe. Luego completa las siguientes oraciones con la opción correcta. El Caribe es la cuna de la música popular latinoamericana. Aquí se unieron las influencias europeas y africanas para crear una expresión artística única y de importancia mundial. Entre los ritmos más importantes se encuentran el son, la habanera, el danzón, la rumba, el mambo y el chachachá en Cuba; el merengue y la bachata en República Dominicana y la danza, la salsa y la plena en Puerto Rico. Otro atractivo derivado de la mezcla de razas y culturas de la región es la cocina local. Muchos platillos criollos incorporan el arroz, la carne, las aves y los mariscos de las aguas locales. Entre las especialidades de Puerto Rico encontramos los pasteles, el mofongo (plátano machacado con carne o mariscos) y deliciosas salsas de ajo y tomate. Los moros y cristianos (arroz y frijoles) representan una comida típica cubana y el sancocho es el plato perfecto para cualquier celebración en República Dominicana. a. Puerto Rico. b. República Dominicana. c. Cuba.
XI. Une ville-dortoir, qu'est-ce que c'est?Using the reading strategies you have learned, answer the questions about the following interview. Remember, you don't need to understand everything to be able to understand the main points and answer the questions.Une ville-dortoir, qu'est-ce que c'est?
Pierre Noé, un sociologue de l'Institut d'urbanisme, répond à nos questions. Magazine: La presse, la radio et la télévision parlent de problèmes dans les cités-dortoirs. Une cité-dortoir, qu'est-ce que c'est? 1. Pierre Noé: C'est une commune (town) à l'extérieur des grandes villes où la majorité des habitants vont en ville pour travailler, pour aller à l'université, pour faire les courses (go shopping) et pour les loisirs. Mag: Est-ce qu'il y a des problèmes dans toutes ces communes? 2. PN: Il y a deux sortes de villes-dortoirs. Il y a des cités-dortoirs et il y a des villages-rues. Les problèmes sont concentrés dans les cités-dortoirs. Ce sont des communes relativement nouvelles où on habite dans des grands immeubles contruits (built) au commencement pour la classe ouvrière (working). Les familles qui ont le choix préfèrent quitter (leave) les grands immeubles. Mag: Alors, qui habite ces cités aujourd'hui? 3. PN: On y trouve plutôt des personnes et des familles qui n'ont pas assez d'argent pour habiter en ville. Je parle des jeunes familles, des personnes âgées, des familles monoparentales et des immigrés. Mag: Pourquoi tant (so much) d'insécurité dans certaines cités? 4. PN: La raison n'est pas simple. En général, il y a dans les immeubles des groupes de jeunes qui n'ont rien à faire. Ils ont trop de temps libre pendant que les adultes travaillent. Mag: Et en quoi les villages-rues sont-ils différents des cités-dortoirs? 5. PN: Un village-rue est une commune à l'extérieur d'une grande ville construite le long (along) d'une vieille rue principale. Au commencement, il y a un village avec plusieurs vieilles maisons et peut-être un café. Ensuite (next), on commence à voir, pas loin de la rue principale, de nouvelles maisons individuelles. Ces maisons sont occupées par des familles qui quittent les villes et les immeubles pour le calme d'un village. Mag: Alors, un village-rue est une petite ville? 6. PN: Pas vraiment. Les habitants continuent à travailler, à aller à l'hôpital et au cinéma, etc. dans la grande ville. Dans un village-rue, comme dans une cité-dortoir, il n'y a pas de commerce ou d'industrie. On y trouve probablement un bureau de poste, des pharmacies, un supermarché et deux ou trois arrêts de bus. Donc, un village-rue est aussi une ville-dortoir. (In part adapated from http://netia62.ac-lille.fr/audr/moulin/PAGES/geog.htm) Organisation. (Write down the numbers of the paragraphs in the blanks.) a. In what two paragraphs does Pierre Noé describe une ville-dortoir? _____ et _____. What will be an ideal response?
Gli aggettivi possessivi. Durante il tour della sua casa, Antonio dice a Bruno di chi sono le cose. Scrivi la forma corretta dell’aggettivo possessivo.
le finestre di mamma e papà -- Sono _______________________finestre.
The following statements are found in the selection. Determine which of the following are facts, which are opinions, and which contain both fact and opinion by placing an F for fact, an O for opinion, or a B for both.
The Facts: Nutrition Quackery 1) Whether athletic or sedentary, the individual on a well-balanced diet does not benefit from special foods, phosphate, alkaline salts, choline, lecithin, wheat germ, honey, gelatin, aspartates, brewer’s yeast, or royal jelly unless prescribed for medical purposes by a physician. Because these products do not produce the special benefits claimed for them, their use and/or sale can be considered nutritional quackery. 2) The Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act was passed in 1994. It was considered by many experts to be a compromise between health-food manufacturers who wanted no regulation of dietary supplements (such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, and herbs) and those who wanted strict control of these substances. Many nutrition experts now feel that the Act is responsible for an explosion in sales of products that have not been proven to be effective. 3) The passage of the 1994 Act shifted the burden of providing assurances of product effectiveness from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to the food supplement industry, which really means it shifted to you – the consumer. Food supplements are typically not considered to be drugs, so they are not regulated. Unlike drugs and medicines, food supplements need not be proven effective or even safe to be sold in stores. To be removed from stores, they must be proven ineffective or unsafe. This leaves consumers vulnerable to false claims. Many experts suggest that quackery has increased significantly since the Act was passed. 4) The Act had at least one positive effect. Food supplement labeling must now be truthful and nonmisleading. Claims concerning disease prevention, treatment, or diagnosis must be substantiated in order to appear on the product. Unfortunately, the act did not limit false claims if they are not on the product label. The result has been the removal of claims from labels in favor of claims on separate literature often called “third-party” literature. The seller provides claims in literature by other people (third party). The literature is distributed separately from the product, thus allowing sellers to make unsubstantiated claims for products. Also the law does not prohibit unproven verbal claims by sales people. It is now up to the consumer to make decisions about the safety and effectiveness of food supplements so it is especially important to be well-informed. 5) Experts indicate that the recent increase in food supplement sales ($8 billion a year in 1994 and $12 billion in 1997 and $16 billion currently) has resulted in more than a few cases of serious illnesses including lead poisoning, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal heart rhythms, impotence, and lethargy. As a result, the increased sales of such products as St. John’s Wart, Ginseng, Ginkgo, and Saw Palmetto has received considerable media attention. A series of reports in a recent medical journal address the topic of food supplements that are unregulated suggesting that “alternative treatments should be subjected to scientific testing no less rigorous than that required for advocating unproven and potentially harmful treatments.” One of the reports indicates that nearly one-third of the samples of one herbal product tested in California contained dangerous chemicals and drugs not listed on the label. These reports show the importance of asking questions before buying or taking any supplements. 1. Food supplements are typically not considered to be drugs, so they are not regulated. 2. The Act had at least one positive effect. 3. To be removed from stores, they (food supplements) must be proven ineffective or unsafe. 4. Unfortunately, the act did not limit false claims if they are not on the product label. 5. It is now up to the consumer to make decisions about the safety and effectiveness of food supplements so it is especially important to be well informed.