After educating a class on the etiology of bipolar disorders, a nursing instructor determines that the education was successful when the class describes the kindling theory as involving which of the following?
A) A dysregulation in the circadian rhythm, leading to sleep disturbance
B) A single gene or sequence of genes causing pathologic changes
C) Exposure to repetitive subthreshold stressors at vulnerable times
D) "Wear and tear" on the body from mood episodes leading to increased problems
Ans: C
The kindling theory posits that as genetically predisposed individuals experience repetitive, subthreshold stressors at vulnerable times, mood symptoms of increasing intensity and duration occur. Eventually, a full-blown depressive or manic episode erupts. Each episode leaves a trace and increases the person's vulnerability, or sensitizes the person, to have another episode with less stimulation. Chronobiologic theories suggest that circadian dysregulation underlies the sleep–wake disturbances of bipolar disorder. Research related to genetic factors suggests that bipolar disorder is highly heritable, although no one gene or sequence of genes is responsible for the pathology of bipolar disorders. The allostatic load (or "wear and tear" on the body model) bipolar disorder is viewed as a disorder where the allostatic load increases as the number of mood episodes increases, leading to an increase in physical and mental health problems.
You might also like to view...
A client is being prepared to receive succinylcholine (Anectine). For which types of procedures is this neuromuscular blocker indicated?
Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Intubation 2. Electroconvulsive therapy 3. Total hip replacement 4. Craniotomy 5. Mitral valve replacement
An infant prescribed the drug, heparin, is abducted from the hospital. This is an example of which of the following?
A. Medication Error B. Adverse Drug Reaction C. Sentinel Event D. A and C E. All of the above
When you are assigned to care for a bariatric patient, try to anticipate your equipment and supply needs in advance.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The nurse is preparing to provide disease management care to a patient with heart failure. On what should the nurse focus when caring for this patient? Select all that apply.
A. Disease process B. Medication management C. Daily monitoring D. Frequency of hospitalization E. Transfer to long-term care