A nurse is caring for a client who complains of pain with menstruation. What is true regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of this condition?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by decreased levels of prostaglandins, causing the contractions of the uterus to increase in strength.
B) Primary dysmenorrhea begins within the first 3 or 4 menstrual periods after menarche and will occur with each ovulatory cycle during the teens and 20s of a woman's life.
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea is more common than primary dysmenorrhea.
D) Primary dysmenorrhea causes include endometriosis, tumors, cysts, pelvic adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, infections, cervical stenosis, uterine leiomyomas, and adneomyosis.
Answer: B
Pain associated with menses, called dysmenorrhea, is one of the most common menstrual dysfunctions. Primary dysmenorrhea is very common among women with normal menstrual function and is more common than secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by the release of prostaglandins that cause the contractions of the uterus needed to expel menstrual fluid and tissue. Primary dysmenorrheal begins within the first 3 or 4 menstrual periods after menarche and will occur with each ovulatory cycle during the teens and 20s of a woman's life. Secondary dysmenorrhea is related to pathology or diseases that affect the uterus and pelvic area. Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea include endometriosis, tumors, cysts, pelvic adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, infections, cervical stenosis, uterine leiomyomas, and adneomyosis.
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