Explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.
What will be an ideal response?
Sympathetic arousal stimulates the medulla of the adrenal glands, which, in turn, secrete the catecholamines epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE). These effects result in the cranked-up feeling we usually experience in response to stress: increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased sweating, and constriction of peripheral blood vessels, among other changes. The hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which, in turn, stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids. Of these, cortisol is especially significant. It acts to conserve stores of carbohydrates and helps reduce inflammation in the case of an injury. It also helps the body return to its steady state following stress.
You might also like to view...
DSM-5 encourages clinicians to consider the influence of cultural factors in both the expression and recognition of symptoms of mental disorders. This is especially challenging when
a. the clinician and the person with the problem do not share the same cultural background. b. the clinician and the person with the problem share the same cultural background. c. cultural background does not factor into the diagnostic equation. d. the clinician and the person with the problem share the same faith.
Adolescents who have no close friendships tend to:
A. develop loneliness and reduced self-worth. B. develop healthier self-esteem than their peers. C. engage in more delinquent behavior than their peers. D. become more social as they grow older.
The electroencephalogram or EEG was first recorded in 1929 and has been used in diagnosis of ______.
A. schizophrenia B. epilepsy C. multiple sclerosis D. learning deficiencies
Tonya secretly slips money and food into the backpacks of needy children at her school. This is an example of empathy-altruism.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)