Regarding the major contemporary perspectives in psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The behavioral perspective focuses on observable actions and the influences of learning processes in behavior.
b. The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of subjective conscious experience and personal responsibility and freedom.
c. The physiological perspective examines how behavior and mental experience is shaped by biological processes and the workings of the brain and nervous system.
d. The sociocultural perspective focuses on mental processes that allow us to gain knowledge about ourselves and the world.
e. The psychodynamic perspective suggests that our psychology is shaped by unconscious motives and conflicts outside the range of ordinary awareness.
d
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As the influence of _____ diminished, there arose a resurgence of interest in internal causes for behavior, such as the psychobiological research done by Karl Lashley.
a. radical behaviorism b. connectionism c. cybernetics d. information theory
In one study, children who were rated as __________ by their caregivers and who attended __________ showed a sharp increase in cortisol levels across the child-care day
A) securely attached; child-care centers for part of the day B) highly fearful; child-care centers for full days C) outgoing; family child-care homes D) disobedient; family child-care homes
Infants whose mothers maintained masklike expressions
a. resisted being picked up by their mothers at the end of the experiment. b. seemed undisturbed. c. tried to elicit a response from their mothers, but then turned away. d. cried when later retesting was attempted. e. developed insecure attachments.
Jenna takes her son to the pediatrician for an ear infection. The pediatrician asks Jenna about her tobacco use and informs her that many children develop serious ear infections as the result of being exposed to second-hand smoke. Jenna is upset to learn that she may have inadvertently harmed her son and tells the doctor she is motivated to quit. Later that afternoon, however, Jenna smokes half a pack of cigarettes. Given this behavior, can Jenna still claim that she is motivated to quit?
A. No, because she has to actually follow through with the behavior to be considered motivated. B. No, because to be motivated means she has to engage in constant pursuit of a goal without any lapses. C. Yes, because motivation guides behavior towards a goal and is not contingent on achieving the goal. D. Yes, because motivation is more related to feelings than actual behavior and she feels upset about her smoking.