Compare and contrast modernization and dependency theories

Question

What will be an ideal response

Answer 1

Answer: Key elements of modernization theory (5 points):
People have always been poor and to break free from the cycle of poverty, they need
1. Modern technology;
2. modern ideas;
3. modern institutions.

Key elements of dependency theory (5 points):
Poverty and misery have been exported by industrialized countries as poorer countries were
1. Exploited (raw goods were taken cheaply and finished goods were sold at high prices.);
2. dominated (corporations and wealthy nations dictate the terms of trade, debt, etc.);
3. distortion (poorer countries are no longer self-sufficient, they are structured to serve the needs of the wealthier nations/corporations, so local needs go unmet).

Noting differences using examples (5 points): They differ in where they lay the blame for inequality and poverty. Modernization lays blame on culture, people, and lack of resources. Dependency theories lay blame on structural inequalities.

Noting similarities using examples (5 points): Similarly, neither theory is entirely valid given the current status of the world: modernization theorists are still waiting for promised progress and dependency theorists are still searching for reasonable alternatives.