In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning
a. occur after the response.
b. occur before the response.
c. occur simultaneously with the response.
d. are unrelated to the response except during extinction.
A
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Your friend Heather has been studying theories of moral reasoning. She believes that humans grow through their connections with other people. These beliefs are most similar to those of
a. the social constructionist model. b. Carol Gilligan's cultural feminist approach. c. liberal feminism. d. radical feminism.
Which of the following statements concerning ECT is FALSE?
a. Memory loss is a common short-term side effect. b. Objective evidence has shown that ECT causes structural damage to the brain. c. Use of ECT peaked in the 1940s and 1950s. d. ECT is used to treat major depression.
Why do researchers in the area of mental imagery need to be concerned about experimenter expectancy?
a. Experimenters might somehow convey their hypotheses to the participants. b. Experimenters typically expect participants to perform very well on imagery tasks. c. When experimenters expect a certain outcome in their research, the participants unconsciously produce results that contradict this expectancy. d. Experimenter expectancy typically increases the magnitude of individual differences.
The French paradox refers to:
a. the fact that the French have higher rates of heart disease than people in other Western countries such as the U.S. and Canada. b. the fact that the French are more likely to eat a Mediterranean diet, yet they have higher rates of heart disease than those in the U.S. c. the fact that most people in France have a diet high in fat, yet still have lower rates of heart disease. d. the fact that most people in France eat many more meals per day than people in the U.S., yet still have lower rates of heart disease.