A patient is admitted with hypovolemic shock, however has the blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg. The nurse realizes the fluid balance mechanism that is helping to maintain this patient's blood pressure is
1. antidiuretic hormone release.
2. adrenocorticotropic hormone release.
3. hypothalamus regulation.
4. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
4
Rationale: When blood flow to the kidneys drops, the kidneys release renin which in turn releases angiotensin I. Angiotensin I converts to angiotensin II which causes the retention of sodium and water by the kidneys. These actions cause a rapid increase in blood pressure and are seen in the presence of decreasing blood volume. The release of antidiuretic hormone occurs in response to a change in the concentration of serum osmolality. Adrenocorticotropic hormone release occurs in response to a change in sodium or potassium levels. Hypothalamus regulation is seen in the regulation of thirst and renal excretion of excess water.
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