Apply the Venn test of validity in order to determine whether the following categorical inferences are valid or invalid

1. All S are P; therefore, all P are S
2. Some S are P; therefore, some P are S
3. Some S are P; therefore, some P are not S
4. Some S are P; therefore, all P are S
5. No S are P; therefore, no P are S
6. No P are S; therefore, some S are P
7. Some S are not P; therefore, some P are not S
8. All S are P; therefore some P are not S


1. Invalid
2. Valid
3. Invalid
4. Invalid
5. Valid
6. Invalid
7. Invalid
8. Invalid

Philosophy & Belief

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Ahura Mazda literally means:

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Aiko, a woman from rural Japan and a shaman, developed a large following of disciples. The movement that grew out of this would be an example of

a. heterox Shinto. b. "Sect Shinto.". c. blending of Shinto and Buddhist beliefs. d. blending of Shinto and Confucian beliefs.

Philosophy & Belief

Describe three controversies that led to the distinctions between Orthodox and Western Christianity.

What will be an ideal response?

Philosophy & Belief

Which vow comes first when one becomes a Jain monk?

a. Ahimsa c. Vishnu b. Ankara d. Shiva

Philosophy & Belief