Plea-bargaining is often justified by which ethical theory because an immediate and certain conviction/sentence is better than the uncertainty of going to a jury trial?
a. Formalism
b. Utilitarianism
c. Virtue ethics
d. Moral relativism
b
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The term smog was coined in New York City
a. True b. False
Jason is a small-time criminal and recently joined a motorcycle gang. The gang is characterized by a great deal of disorder and violence; status is based on the ability to fight and intimidate. Many of the members are trying to prove themselves and establish their reputations. Which subculture would Jason’s gang fall into, according to Cloward and Ohlin’s differential opportunity theory?
a. Fighting b. Retreatist c. Rebellion d. Conflict e. Criminal
Courts whose main focus is providing treatment for youths accused of substance abuse crimes are called__________ courts
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Engel contends that __________ police supervisors serve as a buffer between officers and management
a. traditional b. innovative c. supportive d. active