Compare and contrast constructivist and behaviorist views of the role of the adult in supporting the development of young children
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Answers will vary but should cover several of the following points: The major difference
among theories is the degree to which adults serve as guides as compared to serving as directors. The Piagetian and Vygostkian, or constructivist and behaviorist, views have been the most widely applied to education. The constructivist sees the adult as a guide who sets up the environment and supports the children’s active construction of their own knowledge. Support is called scaffolding and assists children in moving up through their ZPD. The behaviorist views the adult as a director who directly shapes the child’s behavior and gives him or her specific knowledge that the adult believes to be important. For the behaviorist, extrinsic rewards shape behavior and gradually give way to intrinsic rewards for learning. For the constructivist, the child is by nature a learner and acquiring knowledge is intrinsically rewarding. Research indicates that rewarding children for things that they already like to do can possibly decrease their performance. It has also been found that specific encouragement is more effective than general praise and helps maintain internal motivation.
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Samuel, who is 12, lives with both of his parents, who work in local fast food restaurants. Their neighbors are mostly unemployed or work in low level, non-union jobs in the automobile industry. His parents did not graduate from high school and don't know much about college or how to apply to college. Which of the following is Samuel likely experiencing?
a. a non-shared environment b. low cultural capital c. a cohort effect d. canalization
List reasons for the underrepresentation of certain groups in programs for the gifted and talented.
What will be an ideal response?
Adolescents likely to withdraw from families and develop an interest in the opposite sex during the ________ psychosexual stage?
a. latency b. phallic c. anal d. genital e. oral
When questions pertain to proper practice all of the following principles can be used to help career professionals identify appropriate behaviors except:
A. respectfulness B. loyalty C. self-awareness D. integrity