When cAMP is produced in a cell, it will then ______.
A. dephosphorylate proteins phosphorylated by protein kinase A
B. bind to a repressor of protein kinase A
C. inhibit protein kinase A
D. increase transcription of protein kinase A
E. serve as a substrate of protein kinase A
B. bind to a repressor of protein kinase A
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The group mollusks includes:
A. gastropods and cephalopods. B. sponges and placozoans. C. crustaceans and bivalves. D. starfish and cephalopods.
The LEAST hydrophilic substance is
A. salt. B. an ion. C. oil. D. an amphipathic molecule. E. a gas.
Which of the following most accurately describes the preservation of duplicate genes via the subfunctionalization model?
A) The ancestral gene performs two different functions, and eventually the two duplicate copies evolve so that one copy performs one function, and the other copy performs the other function; both copies are therefore required for the organism to have optimal fitness. B) In order to be favored by natural selection and therefore to increase in frequency, the duplicated copies must evolve so that together they perform the original gene's functions better than the original gene, giving organisms with subfunctionalized genes a fitness advantage. C) Subfunctionalization is most commonly a defense against mobile genetic elements. Because subfunctionalized genes separate two functions from an ancestral gene into two separate genes, a mobile genetic element insertion can damage only one of the two functions, not both; therefore, subfunctionalization is favored by natural selection in genomes with a high load of mobile genetic elements. D) All that matters for the subfunctionalization model is that together the duplicated genes perform the original gene's function(s) the same or better; even if one gene copy becomes nonfunctional, this still counts as subfunctionalization so long as the other copy performs the original function.
In fragile X syndrome, the fragile X gene contains the nucleotide triplet CGG that repeats 200-1000
times. Indicate whether the statement is true or false.