Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
A) glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
C) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
D) oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation
E) fermentation and glycolysis
Answer: B
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Echinoderms are members of the Bilateria but many members of the group (e.g., the sea stars) lack a brain, have no specialized sense organs, and have radial nerves that extend down each "arm" from a central nerve ring that surrounds the gut
What was a likely selective pressure in the evolution of this type of nervous system? A. ability to move forward B. role as a predator in the ecosystem C. multicellularity D. possession of an endoskeleton of calcium carbonate E. None of the above.
The idea that older, more stable habitats have greater species richness than habitats subjected to frequent, widespread
disturbances is known as: a. natural selection. b. the time hypothesis. c. island biogeography. d. the theory of community stability. e. the disturbance hypothesis
Fishing by humans has severely affected populations of many different marine species, including whales. Examine the figure above, making sure to note what each axis represents. What can best explain the pattern for minke whales?
A. Minke whales were too difficult to catch until they become malnourished due to exploitation competition by other whales. B. Minke whale populations were overfished in the early 1900s, then recovered in the 1970s as their competitors were killed off. C. Minke whales are a new species that evolved during the 1960s as an ecological niche opened up. D. Commercial whalers did not pursue minke whales until the more valuable whale species had declined.
Which of these is NOT an example of a parenchyma cell?
A) cells that can form clones in tissue culture of plants B) support cells near the outside of nonwoody stems C) edible cells in fruits and vegetables D) tissue in leaves that photosynthesizes