Compare the drug actions of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), 5-FU, and doxorubicin
(Adriamycin).
What will be an ideal response?
• Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) is an alkylating agent. Alkylating agents cause cross-linking of DNA
strands, abnormal base pairing, and DNA strand breaks, thus preventing the cell from dividing.
These drugs kill cells in various phases of the cell cycle; however, they are most effective against
cells in the G
0 phase.
• Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is an antitumor antibiotic. It is also a cell cycle–nonspecific agent,
inhibiting protein and RNA synthesis and binding DNA, causing fragmentation.
• 5-FU is an antimetabolite. Antimetabolites are cell cycle specific, exerting their effects only in the S
phase (DNA synthesis and metabolism) of the cell cycle.
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The statement, "Where do I belong?" is an example of
a. Long-term memory loss b. Short-term memory loss c. Altered perception d. Altered judgment
Patients who are enrolled in hospice care through Medicare are often felt to suffer unnecessarily because they do not receive adequate attention for their symptoms of the underlying illness. What factor most contributes to this phenomenon?
A) Unwillingness to overmedicate the dying patient B) Rules concerning completion of all cure-focused medical treatment C) Unwillingness of patients and families to acknowledge the patient is terminal D) Lack of knowledge of patients and families regarding availability of care
A 45-year-old client continues to request intravenous pain medications 4 days after being placed in skeletal traction due to a complex fracture of the hip
While giving report to the next shift, the nurse who cared for the client during the day states, "I just do not know why he still needs medication 4 days after surgery. The client we had last month with the same type situation did not need any medication after 2 days." Which of the following responses by a nursing peer is the best example of being a client advocate? 1. "I just think this client needs more because of his age." 2. "Have you tried getting the doctor to order oral pain medications to see if they work?" 3. "Wouldn't you want all of the pain medication you could have if you were in traction?" 4. "Everyone does not have the same pain perception or response to a similar injury."
Through testing, a patient learns of a genetic disease that he has inherited from his parents, yet none of his other siblings have inherited the same disease
The patient tells the nurse that he has always believed his parents "didn't want him" and now he has proof. What should the nurse counsel this patient? 1. Suggest the patient talk with a counselor to discuss the results of the test and future options. 2. Ask the patient if he has ever discussed his thoughts and fears with his parents. 3. Encourage the patient to talk with his siblings about the illness and ask them for help now before he has manifestations of the disease. 4. Remind the patient that genetic testing is inconclusive, and there is a great chance that the results are wrong.