Regarding the effects of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Severe punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it.
b. Severe punishment can permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating.
c. Severe punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding.
d. Severe punishment will not change the rate of responding even temporarily.
B
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Accidental injuries are most likely to occur among low-income children. Some contributing factors are
a. dangerous housing and neighborhoods. b. parents engaging in more high risk activities. c. children being enrolled in high risk sports, such as football. d. children joining gangs at a very young age.
Gestalt therapy differs from both existential and client-centered therapy because Gestalt therapy
a. is the most directive and the least insight-oriented. b. is the least directive and the most insight-oriented. c. places greater emphasis on past experiences. d. places more emphasis on unconscious motives.
Harriet and Al decided to have children soon after they were married. But, as it happened, it was nearly four years later that Harriet missed a menstrual period and thus allowed her hopes to rise. When she went to her obstetrician a couple of weeks later, tests confirmed that she was pregnant. But not long after that, Harriet's baby "spontaneously" aborted. (a) Discuss possible natural causes for
the spontaneous abortion. (b) List possible teratogenic causes. (c) By analogy to "postpartum depression," what emotional effects would you expect Harriet to experience? What will be an ideal response?
The prenatal life support system includes the
a. amniotic sac. c. umbilical cord. b. placenta. d. all of these.