What are the costs and benefits of indirect addressing?
Indirect addressing allows flexibility in placing programs in memory. Each program can be writtenwith the assumption that it's loaded at the beginning of physical memory. Multiple programs can run simultaneously, and programs can be moved in memory during execution, which generally allows more efficient management of memory resources and simpler program construction.
The cost is the overhead needed to convert memory references to physical memory addresses. This conversion requires executing instructions to perform the conversion or additional circuitry in the CPU's control unit to perform address translation automatically. The result is more complexity and/or higher cost and a possible reduction in execution speed.
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