The relationship between catabolism and anabolism is most similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs of terms?
A) work; free energy
B) exergonic; spontaneous
C) exergonic; endergonic
D) free energy; entropy
Answer: B) exergonic; spontaneous
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A research lab is trying to produce new antibiotics. They come up with drugs that detach the hydrophilic heads from the phospholipids in plasma membranes. This drug
A. would be highly toxic and completely useless for human beings-we also have plasma membranes with hydrophilic head groups! B. would be highly toxic only to bacteria, making it an excellent drug to develop and test further. Humans have a different phospholipid structure in their cell plasma membranes than bacteria. C. would generally not be toxic enough to damage Gram-negative bacteria, as their plasma membranes lie under a thick layer of peptidoglycan. D. would be highly toxic for human beings, but might be useful as a topical antibiotic skin cream. The top layer of skin cells is dead anyway, so it wouldn't matter if this damaged those cells. It could NOT be taken internally, though, by human beings.
Which term describes a set of organisms that descended from a single common ancestor and are more closely related to other members of the group than to organisms outside the group?
A) paraphyletic group B) phylogeny C) species D) monophyletic group E) parsimony
Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. What makes some people "lactose intolerant" as adults?
A) Some people don't produce any enzymes, including the one needed to digest lactose. B) Lactose can only be digested by people who produce enough lipase to digest it. C) Lactose-intolerant people don't produce adequate amounts of lactase. D) The active site of the lactose-digesting enzyme can vary from person to person.
Which of the following do(es) not contribute to the construction of membrane phospholipids?
A. Fatty acid biosynthesis B. Glycolysis C. Amino acid biosynthesis D. Nucleotide biosynthesis