This chapter discussed six different ways to treat cancer. List at least five, and briefly explain each process
What will be an ideal response?
Surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, gene therapy, and inhibition of blood vessel formation are different ways to treat cancer. Surgery is usually performed to eradicate the cancer or remove as much as possible. If cancer has spread from the initial site but is still localized, surgery is usually followed by radiation therapy. When cancer is thought to have spread by the time of diagnosis, chemotherapy is often used. In general, the drugs used in chemotherapy reach all parts of the body and kill all rapidly dividing cells. The goal of immunotherapy, then, is to boost the patient's immune system so that it becomes more effective in destroying cancer cells. Blocking blood vessel formation to a tumor ultimately starves the tumor. Gene therapy is still in clinical trial stage and partially focuses on interrupting the gene expression in the cancer cell.
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In cellular respiration, oxygen:
A. gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent. B. loses electrons and is a reducing agent. C. gains electrons and is a reducing agent. D. loses electrons and is an oxidizing agent. E. None of the answer options is correct.
For the following gene, which mutant likely has lost its enhancer? Mutant # Deletion Region % Transcription WT None 100% 1 1-200 150% 2 250-400 100% 3 500-800 50% 4 950-1100 0%
What will be an ideal response?
A small marine amphipod has recently been discovered that carries a bad-tasting organism on its back, which is contrary to its normal behavior. If a fish ingests the pair, it immediately spits them back out. If the amphipod is alone, however, it is readily eaten. There is no apparent benefit or harm in this relationship for the "backpack" organism. This is probably a case of
A. competitive exclusion. B. mutualism. C. parasitism. D. commensalism.
One advantage of participating in a biofilm is ____________.
A. the ability to move as a group. B. the ability to share other members’ toxin-degrading secretions. C. increased competition for food. D. the ability to break down neighbor’s scaffolding for food. E. the formation of a colonial organism.