A measure of association for X and Y shows that the two variables are associated at -.63. After controlling for Z, the measures for the partial tables are -.33 and -.78. This pattern of outcomes would be consistent with
a. a direct relationship between X and Y.
b. a spurious relationship between X and Y and a direct relationship between X and Z.
c. interaction between X, Y, and Z.
d. an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z.
ANSWER: c
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Community studies typically employ which research technique?
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