Discuss some of the key findings of psychological theories on substance use disorders.
What will be an ideal response?
Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:
? Social learning theories-Children and adolescents may learn substance-use behaviors by modeling the behavior of their parents and important people in their culture.
? Cognitive theories have focused on people's expectations of alcohol's effects and their beliefs about the appropriateness of using it to cope with stress. People who expect alcohol to reduce their stress and who do not have more adaptive means of coping are more likely than others to drink alcohol when they are upset and to have social problems related to drinking.
? One personality characteristic consistently related to an increased risk of substance use disorders is behavioral under-control.
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Which best exemplifies co-rumination?
a. Talking to a friend excessively about your thoughts of suicide b. Living in the same household with your parents and at least one other relative c. Hanging out at the mall with a small group of acquaintances d. Falling in love with two people at the same time
Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n) _____
A) altruistic aim B) learning goal C) primary need D) extrinsic goal
According to the views of B.F. Skinner, if a behavior is commonly exhibited, you can be assured that it ____
a. ?is a product of conscious thought b. ?has been reinforced c. ?will never be extinguished completely d. ?has been followed by a positive consequence every time is has been exhibited
The period of the ______ lasts from the ninth week until birth
Fill in the blank with correct word