Which of the following circumstances fails to meet the test for the government to claim a "special needs exception" to the probable cause and warrant requirements for stops and searches?

A. Fixed inland border checkpoints to search for illegal aliens
B. Sobriety checkpoints
C. Mandatory drug testing of all high school and junior high school athletes in a school district
D. Mandatory drug testing of candidates for state office


Answer: D

Criminal Justice

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A key part of addressing case delays concerns the ability of the court administrator to set a ___________ for trial

Fill in the blanks with correct word

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The first concern of all participant observers is to decide what balance to strike between observing and participating and whether to reveal their role as researchers. According to your book, one way that complete observation versus participation and observation differs is that the latter involves ______.

A. active participation in the setting B. systematic observation C. a long period of study D. observing social settings

Criminal Justice

According to Travis Hirschi's social control theory, adolescents who respect the opinions of their friends are __________ adolescents who do not respect the opinions of their friends to be delinquent

a. less likely than b. as likely as c. more likely than

Criminal Justice

In the DOC model, DOC stands for ______________, _____________ and _____________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice