Explain the biosynthetic and bioenergetic roles of the citric acid cycle
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Some of the molecules generated during the citric acid cycle, such as alpha-ketoglutarate, oxalacetate, and succinyl-CoA, can serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of critical cellular components such as amino acids, chlorophyll, and cytochromes. The bioenergetic component of the cycle should be described in the context of FADH2 and NADH electron donors storing energy potential, usable in electron transport where O2 is reduced to water.
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Most allergy medicines contain antihistamines that block the actions of histamine. These drugs reduce cold symptoms by directly
A. stimulating components of the immune system through the release of cytokines. B. stimulating the production of specific antibodies. C. blocking or reducing the inflammation response in mucous membranes. D. recruiting macrophages to the nasal epithelium. E. lysing virus-infected cells and preventing further propagation of the pathogen.
Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?
a. tick b. mite c. spider d. scorpion e. barnacle.
In 2015, a group of Chinese researchers used CRISPR-cas gene editing to edit the HBB gene in 86 human embryos. What were the conclusions form this study?
A) CRISPR-cas was not ready for use in human patients. B) CRISPR-cas gene editing had no negative effects on the surviving embryos. C) CRISPR-cas is safe for use in human patients. D) 71 of the 86 embryos contained the desired gene edit.
Which of the following relies on the wind for pollination?
A) Pine tree B) Stinking corpse lily C) Gardenia D) Tulip E) Magnolia tree