Chapter 12 includes a discussion of the various defense mechanisms utilized by plants. Onion
plants have developed several creative means of discouraging their consumption by
herbivores. The cells of the edible portion of the onion contain several different substances:alliinase
(an enzyme) and sulfur compounds derived from the soil. When the cells of the onion
are ruptured (as when they are bitten into by an animal), the substances combine. From your
knowledge of onions, how would the new substance created by this combination deter its
future consumption?
What will be an ideal response?
ANS:
When
the flesh of an onion is broken, it allows the enzyme alliinase to combine with sulfur
compounds to produce a pungent aroma, which may discourage herbivores. The strong taste of the
onion is also a deterrent to most animals. Finally, the compound produced by the onion may combine
with fluids inside the eye to create a weak sulfuric acid. You have probably experienced this sensation
while slicing raw onions!
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A gene that codes for a protein was removed from a eukaryotic cell and inserted into a prokaryotic cell. Although the gene was successfully transcribed and translated, it produced a different protein than it produced in the eukaryotic cell. What is the most likely explanation?
A. There are slight differences in the genetic code for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B. Unlike eukaryotes, which have three different RNA polymerases, prokaryotes have a single RNA polymerase. C. Eukaryotic genes often contain introns while prokaryotic genes do not. D. Eukaryotic transcripts have a 5' cap while prokaryotic transcripts do not. Clarify Question · What is the key concept addressed by the question? · What type of thinking is required? · What key words does the question contain and what do they mean? Gather Content · What do you already know about transcription and translation? Consider Possibilities · Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out? Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer? Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
Dental pathogens are called ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The pain associated with the inflammatory response is the direct result of ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The improvement of microscopy techniques in the late 1800s set the stage for the emergence of modern genetics because
A) it revealed new and unanticipated features of Mendel's pea plant varieties. B) it allowed biologists to study meiosis and mitosis, revealing the parallels between the behaviors of genes and chromosomes. C) it allowed scientists to see the DNA present within chromosomes. D) it led to the discovery of mitochondria. E) All of the above are true.